In the diagram, we see two crashes involving the rubber duck and two toy boats: a blue boat with less mass and an orange boat with more mass. The question asks us to determine in which crash the rubber duck experienced a stronger force and provide a detailed explanation.
The answer is D, the crash between the rubber duck and the orange boat. We can arrive at this conclusion by considering Newton's third law of motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
In the context of the crashes, when the rubber duck collides with each boat, there is an initial force exerted by the rubber duck on the boat, and in response, the boat exerts an equal and opposite force on the rubber duck. This is why we see arrows in both directions in the diagram.
To determine the relative strength of these equal and opposite forces, we need to consider the mass of the boats involved in each crash. The question states that the rubber duck has the same mass in both crashes, so we can assume that the rubber duck exerts the same initial force in both collisions.
However, according to Newton's third law, the force exerted by the boat in response to the rubber duck's initial force will be equal and opposite. The key factor here is the mass of the boat. In the case of the orange boat, which has more mass, it will require a larger force to be accelerated or stopped compared to the lighter blue boat with less mass.
Therefore, in the crash between the rubber duck and the orange boat (D), the rubber duck experiences a stronger force because it has to exert a greater force to overcome the orange boat's greater mass and the equal, opposite force exerted by the boat. In contrast, in the crash with the blue boat, the rubber duck experiences a relatively weaker force due to the lighter mass of the boat.
Thus, based on Newton's third law and considering the masses of the boats involved, we can conclude that the rubber duck experienced a stronger force in the collision with the orange boat (D).
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