Answer:
To find the experimental probability of the next two customers both receiving calculators, we can design and use a simulation.
First, let's define the possible outcomes for each customer. Since there are four gifts in total (calculator, keychain, notepad, and pen), each customer has a 1/4 chance of receiving a calculator.
To simulate this scenario, we can use a random number generator to represent each customer's selection. We will generate a random number between 1 and 4, and assign each number to a specific gift. If the random number corresponds to the calculator (let's say 1), we consider it a success; otherwise, it is a failure.
We can repeat this simulation multiple times to gather data and calculate the experimental probability. Let's say we run the simulation 10,000 times:
Simulation Steps:
1. Set the initial count of successful outcomes (both customers receive calculators) to zero.
2. Repeat the following steps for each simulation:
a. Generate a random number between 1 and 4 for the first customer.
b. If the random number is 1 (representing the calculator), proceed to the next step; otherwise, move on to the next simulation.
c. Generate another random number between 1 and 4 for the second customer.
d. If the second random number is also 1 (representing the calculator), increment the count of successful outcomes by one.
After running the simulation 10,000 times, we can calculate the experimental probability by dividing the count of successful outcomes by the total number of simulations.
Now let's move on to finding the experimental probability that neither of the next two customers receives calculators.
Using a similar approach as before, we will simulate this scenario by generating random numbers between 1 and 4 for each customer. However, this time we consider it a success if neither customer receives a calculator (random numbers 2, 3, or 4).
Simulation Steps:
1. Set the initial count of successful outcomes (neither customer receives calculators) to zero.
2. Repeat the following steps for each simulation:
a. Generate a random number between 1 and 4 for the first customer.
b. If the random number is not 1 (representing the calculator), proceed to the next step; otherwise, move on to the next simulation.
c. Generate another random number between 1 and 4 for the second customer.
d. If the second random number is also not 1 (representing the calculator), increment the count of successful outcomes by one.
Again, after running the simulation 10,000 times, we can calculate the experimental probability by dividing the count of successful outcomes by the total number of simulations.
To summarize:
Experimental Probability that both customers receive calculators:
- Design and run a simulation with 10,000 iterations.
- Count the number of times both customers receive calculators.
- Divide this count by 10,000 to find the experimental probability.
Experimental Probability that neither customer receives calculators:
- Design and run a simulation with 10,000 iterations.
- Count the number of times neither customer receives calculators.
- Divide this count by 10,000 to find the experimental probability.
Explanation: