Final answer:
Bronisław Malinowski, a well-known anthropologist, criticized colonialism towards the end of his life based on his observations of its damaging impacts on indigenous societies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The answer to your question is (a) Colonialism. Towards the end of his life, Bronisław Malinowski, a renowned anthropologist, developed a strong critique towards the negative impacts of colonial powers on indigenous societies. As an anthropologist, Malinowski spent several years studying native cultures in the Pacific Islands. He saw first-hand the negative effects of colonial control, particularly on the culture, social structures, and economic autonomy of indigenous populations. This informed his late-life criticism of Colonialism.
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