Answer: Many Reasons (Listed below)
Explanation: Unification of Muslim Forces: By the time Saladin came to power, the Muslim world was fragmented into various factions and emirates. Saladin worked tirelessly to unite these factions under his leadership. He managed to bring together the Sunni and Shia Muslims, as well as different ethnic groups, into a formidable force.
Capture of Egypt: One of Saladin's major achievements was the capture of Egypt in 1169. This gave him control over a wealthy and populous region, which provided him with significant resources, including a powerful naval force. Controlling Egypt also meant he could cut off supplies to Jerusalem.
Strategic Warfare: Saladin was a brilliant military strategist. He meticulously planned his campaigns and was known for his patient and calculated approach. He focused on building strong fortifications, establishing supply lines, and gaining the loyalty of local populations.
Chaos Among Christian Forces: During Saladin's time, the Christian Crusader states in the Levant were divided by internal conflicts, rivalries, and power struggles. This weakened their ability to effectively respond to Saladin's advances.
Reconquest of Muslim Territories: Saladin's early successes in reclaiming Muslim territories from Crusader rule bolstered his reputation and attracted more support for his cause. These victories included capturing Aleppo and Mosul.
Appeal to Jihadic Sentiments: Saladin was able to rally Muslims around the idea of jihad against the Crusaders by invoking religious fervor. He used religious rhetoric and framed his campaigns as a struggle to liberate the holy land from foreign invaders.
Chivalry and Honor: Saladin was known for his chivalry and honorable conduct, even towards his enemies. This earned him respect among both Muslims and Christians, and many knights and soldiers admired him. Some even defected to his side.
Diplomacy and Alliances: Saladin was adept at diplomacy. He formed alliances with various regional powers, both Muslim and non-Muslim, when it served his interests. This allowed him to secure his flanks and focus on his main objective.
Siege Tactics: Saladin was skilled in siege warfare. He understood the importance of isolating and weakening a city before launching a direct assault. His forces were able to apply sustained pressure on Jerusalem, eventually leading to its surrender.
Timing and Opportunity: Saladin launched his campaign against Jerusalem at a time when the Christian forces were weakened and divided, making it an opportune moment for him to strike.