Answer:
Epigenetics refers to the study of changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype that occur without alterations in the DNA sequence itself. These changes are due to modifications of the DNA molecule, such as methylation of DNA bases, or modifications of histone proteins that package the DNA in the nucleus. These modifications can lead to changes in the accessibility of genes to be expressed or silenced, leading to changes in the phenotype of the cell or organism. Epigenetic changes can occur in response to environmental stimuli, aging, or other factors, and can be passed on to future generations.
Mutations, on the other hand, are changes in the DNA sequence itself. They can occur spontaneously, as a result of errors during DNA replication or recombination, or due to exposure to mutagens, such as radiation, chemicals, or viruses. Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or have no effect on the organism, depending on where they occur in the DNA sequence and how they affect gene expression or protein function. Some mutations can lead to genetic disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, or Huntington's disease, while others can provide advantages, such as antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
The main difference between epigenetics and mutations is that epigenetic changes are reversible and do not involve changes to the DNA sequence itself, while mutations are permanent and involve changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes can also be influenced by environmental factors, while mutations are primarily caused by errors or damage to the DNA. However, epigenetic changes can also influence the frequency or pattern of mutations, leading to changes in the genetic diversity of populations over time.
I hope now you know...good luck