Answer:
An observation is when you gather facts through observation, questioning, or studying. An experiment is the process of using an independent and dependent variable to test a hypothesis.
Investigation:
Benefits:
• Can be less costly and time-consuming compared to experiments
• Can provide a broader range of information
• Can lead to new hypotheses
Limitations:
• May not provide a cause-and-effect relationship
• Cannot control variables like in an experiment
• May have biased or incomplete data
Experiment:
Benefits:
• Can establish cause-and-effect relationships
• Can control variables for accurate results
• Can be replicated for reliability
Limitations:
• May not apply to real-world situations
• May be costly and time-consuming
• May not account for all variables
Microorganisms are small living organisms that can only be seen through a microscope.
The four types of human pathogens that can cause infectious disease are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Diseases can spread through direct contact with an infected person, through contact with contaminated objects or surfaces, through the air, through insect bites, and through contaminated food or water.
The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from pathogens and foreign substances.
An immune response happens when cells and fluids in the body react to the presence of a pathogen.
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a key role in the immune response.
T cells recognize and destroy infected cells and help coordinate the immune response. B cells produce antibodies that target specific pathogens.
Respiratory: pneumonia, tuberculosis
Digestive: cholera, E. coli infection
Nervous: meningitis, encephalitis
Circulatory: influenza, malaria
Musculoskeletal: arthritis, Lyme disease
Antibiotics are chemicals that kill bacteria or slow their growth without harming the human body.
Washing hands frequently, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and getting vaccinated are some of the best ways to avoid getting bacterial and viral infections.
Noninfectious diseases are not caused by pathogens and cannot be spread from person to person. People can get them from genetic factors, lifestyle choices, and environmental factors.
When something is hereditary, it’s determined by genetic factors and able to be passed from parents to their offspring.
Some examples of inherited traits include eye color, hair color, and height.
Cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s disease, and sickle cell anemia are examples of genetic disorders.
Allergies, asthma, high blood pressure, and heart disease are examples of conditions caused by lifestyle or environmental factors.
Viruses are hard to treat because they use the host's cells to replicate and spread, making it difficult to target them without harming healthy cells.
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can be both good and bad. Some bacteria are necessary for human health, while others can cause disease.
Fungi can appear in two forms: as single cells (yeasts) or as multicellular organisms (molds).
Examples of parasites include tapeworms, malaria parasites, and lice.
Diseases can spread through direct contact, airborne particles, contaminated food or water, and insect bites.
Step-by-step explanation: