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Despite these favorable conditions, Italian cities like Venice and Amalfi gradually gained
influence and became serious competitors in the Mediterranean. Trade in the Byzantine world was no longer the monopoly ® of the Byzantines themselves. Fuel was added to these trade conflicts when the pope and patriarch of Constantinople went separate ways in 1054 during the Great Schism. Another problem was the rise of Byzantine aristocratic 7 families, which were usually unwilling to submit their private interest to the interest of the commonwealth, 18 Decay became inevitable after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. The Byzantine army, under Emperor Romanus IV Diogenes, was beaten by an army of Seljuk Turks commanded by Alp Arslan ("the Lion"). Romanus was probably betrayed by one of his own generals and by his nephew. After the battle, the Byzantine Empire lost Antioch, Aleppo, and Manzikert, and within years, the
Turks took over the whole of Asia Minor. From then on, the empire suffered from lack of
manpower. In this crisis, à new dynasty, the Comnenes, came to power. To obtain new Frankish mercenaries, who had fought at Manzikert, Emperor Alexius sent a request for help to Pope Urban I, who responded by summoning the western world for the first of the Crusades. The western warriors swore loyalty to the emperor and reconquered parts of Anatolia for Byzantium, but they also kept Antioch, Edessa, and the Holy Land for themselves.

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The article discusses the decline of the Byzantine Empire due to various factors, including the emergence of Italian cities as competitors in the Mediterranean, the Great Schism, and the rise of Byzantine aristocratic families. The Battle of Manzikert in 1071 proved to be a turning point in the empire's history, resulting in the loss of territories to the Seljuk Turks and a shortage of manpower. To address this crisis, the Comnenes dynasty took power, and Emperor Alexius sought help from the pope, which led to the first Crusade. While the Crusaders were able to reconquer some territories for Byzantium, they also kept some areas for themselves.

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