Answer:
2. Most of medieval European society had been based on feudalism, which was a social system that defined relationships between lords, vassals, and serfs.
3. By the late middle ages, several changes had started to take place in Europe. One of the significant changes was the emergence of towns and cities, which led to the growth of trade and commerce. The rise of towns also led to the development of a new middle class of merchants and craftsmen who challenged the existing feudal hierarchy. This period also saw the growth of nationalism and the weakening of the power of the church.
4. Humanism was a new philosophy that emerged during the Renaissance. It emphasized the value and potential of human beings and their abilities to create and achieve greatness. Humanism promoted the study of classical texts, languages, and art, and placed importance on education, rational thought, and the pursuit of knowledge. It contributed to creativity during the Renaissance by inspiring artists, writers, and thinkers to look to the past for inspiration and to experiment with new ideas.
Section 1 What was the Renaissance?
5. Knowledge of the classical world was kept during the Middle Ages primarily by the efforts of the monks and the church. Monks worked to preserve and copy ancient texts, including those of Greek and Roman authors, in monasteries. The church also played a significant role in preserving classical knowledge and promoting education, particularly during the early Middle Ages.
6. The Crusades played a significant role in leading to the development of the Renaissance. The Crusaders, who traveled to the Holy Land, were exposed to the culture and learning of the Islamic world, which included ancient Greek and Roman texts. This exposure helped to spark a renewed interest in classical learning and culture in Europe. Additionally, the Crusades led to the growth of trade and commerce, which fueled the growth of towns and cities and helped to weaken feudalism.