1) To lessen the impact of natural hazards, taking a proactive and comprehensive approach to disaster risk reduction is essential. Here are some strategies that can be helpful:
- Identify the hazards: Understanding the natural hazards that could impact a particular area is crucial in preparing for disasters. This includes identifying potential earthquake zones, floodplains, or areas susceptible to wildfires.
- Develop an emergency response plan: A well-planned and rehearsed emergency response plan can save lives and minimize damage during a disaster. The plan should outline procedures for evacuation, communication, and emergency services, as well as identify potential shelter areas.
- Invest in early warning systems: Early warning systems can provide advance notice of a potential disaster, giving people more time to evacuate or prepare. For example, tsunami warning systems can alert coastal communities of potential danger in advance.
- Educate the public: Raising awareness about natural hazards and providing education on preparedness can help individuals and communities to be better equipped to handle disasters. This can include training in first aid, disaster preparedness, and evacuation procedures.
2) Some of the significant changes/impacts of Climate Change on natural hazards, both in frequency and severity :
- More frequent and severe heatwaves: As global temperatures continue to rise, heatwaves are expected to become more frequent and intense, increasing the risk of heat-related illness and death.
- Increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events: Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, including hurricanes, tornadoes, and flooding.
- More frequent and severe droughts: Climate change is expected to cause more frequent and severe droughts, which can significantly impact agriculture, water supplies, and ecosystems.
- Rising sea levels and more intense storm surges: Sea levels are expected to rise due to melting glaciers and thermal expansion of the oceans, which will increase the risk of flooding and storm surges in coastal areas.