Answer:
Promissory estoppel
Charitable subscriptions
Unenforceable debts
Step-by-step explanation:
In general, promises made without consideration are not enforceable under the law. Consideration refers to something of value that is exchanged between parties in a contract, such as money, goods, services, or a promise to do something or refrain from doing something. Consideration is necessary to create a legally binding contract, and without it, a promise is generally considered to be a gift or a moral obligation rather than a legally enforceable agreement.
However, there are some exceptions to the general rule that promises without consideration are not enforceable. The most common exceptions include:
Promissory estoppel: Under the legal principle of promissory estoppel, a promise may be enforceable even without consideration if the promisee reasonably relies on the promise to his or her detriment. In other words, if someone makes a promise to another person, and that person relies on the promise to their detriment, the promise may be enforceable even if there was no consideration exchanged.
Charitable subscriptions: Promises to make charitable donations are often enforced even without consideration, as long as they are made to a legally recognized charitable organization.
Unenforceable debts: In some cases, a promise to pay a debt that is already unenforceable under the law may be enforceable even without consideration.
It's important to note that these exceptions to the rule that promises must be supported by consideration to be enforceable are relatively narrow, and they are interpreted differently in different jurisdictions. If you are unsure whether a promise is legally enforceable, it's a good idea to consult with a lawyer to get a better understanding of your rights and obligations.