Answer:
a. Chloroplast: Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, which is the pigment that gives plants their green color and is necessary for the absorption of light energy. Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy through a series of biochemical reactions that produce glucose, which is used by the plant as a source of energy.
b. Mitochondrion: Mitochondria are organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration. They contain their own DNA and are capable of self-replication. Mitochondria convert the chemical energy stored in food molecules into a form of energy that the cell can use, known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
c. Nucleus: The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains genetic material in the form of DNA. It is surrounded by a nuclear envelope that protects the DNA and regulates its interactions with the rest of the cell. The nucleus plays a vital role in the control of gene expression, cell division, and the overall function of the cell.
d. Protoplasm: Protoplasm is the living substance that makes up the cytoplasm of a cell. It consists of various organic and inorganic substances, including water, enzymes, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and salts. Protoplasm is responsible for carrying out many of the metabolic functions of the cell, including energy production, protein synthesis, and waste removal.
e. Endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the synthesis, folding, and transport of proteins and lipids. The ER is composed of a network of flattened sacs and tubules that are divided into rough and smooth regions. The rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is responsible for the synthesis of proteins, while the smooth ER is involved in the synthesis of lipids and the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins.
Step-by-step explanation: