The Roman Government underwent significant changes over time. The Roman Government initially started as a monarchy but later transitioned into a republic and eventually an empire.
In the Roman Republic, the government was divided into three branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch consisted of two consuls who were elected annually and had the power to make decisions for the government. The legislative branch consisted of two assemblies: the Senate and the Popular Assemblies. The Senate was composed of wealthy and experienced individuals who advised the consuls and passed laws. The Popular Assemblies, on the other hand, was composed of all Roman citizens and passed laws based on majority votes. Lastly, the judicial branch was responsible for interpreting laws and consisted of eight judges chosen by the consuls.
The geography of Rome played a significant role in shaping the civilization. Rome was built on seven hills, which provided a natural defense against attackers. The Tiber River provided a source of water for irrigation and transportation of goods. Rome's location at the crossroads of trade made it a hub of commerce, leading to the accumulation of wealth and power. Additionally, being inland from pirates and on a peninsula allowed Rome to expand quickly and at a large rate, leading to the creation of a vast empire.