Answer:
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were brothers who were Roman politicians and social reformers in the late 2nd century BCE. They attempted to improve the state of the Roman Republic by advocating for a series of political and social reforms that would benefit the common people (plebeians) at the expense of the aristocracy (patricians) and wealthy landowners.
Tiberius Gracchus was elected tribune of the plebs in 133 BCE and used his position to propose a land reform bill that would redistribute public land to landless peasants. This proposal was met with opposition from the patrician class, who controlled much of the public land and feared losing their power and influence. Tiberius circumvented the opposition by bypassing the Senate and submitting the bill directly to the popular assembly for a vote. The bill was passed and became known as the "Lex Sempronia Agraria."
Tiberius' younger brother Gaius Gracchus was elected tribune of the plebs ten years later in 123 BCE and continued his brother's work. He proposed a series of reforms that would increase the power of the popular assemblies, limit the power of the Senate, and provide grain at reduced prices to the urban poor. He also passed laws that would establish colonies for landless citizens and give citizenship to certain Italian allies of Rome.
The reforms of the Gracchi brothers were seen as radical and threatened the power and privilege of the aristocracy, leading to opposition and violence from their political opponents. Tiberius was killed in 133 BCE by a group of senators who opposed his land reform bill, and Gaius was also eventually killed in 121 BCE after a failed attempt to regain his political power. Nonetheless, their efforts were influential in the development of the Roman Republic and laid the groundwork for future reforms.
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