Answer:
The question of why individuals act in certain ways has been of interest to psychologists for a long time, and different perspectives have provided various explanations for this question. Below is a brief description of the primary area of interest for explaining and justifying behavior, along with the key figures associated with each of the following psychological perspectives:
Psychodynamic Perspective: The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories in shaping behavior. The primary area of interest in this perspective is understanding the unconscious conflicts and repressed emotions that influence behavior. The key figures associated with this perspective are Sigmund Freud and his followers.
Behavioral Perspective: The behavioral perspective emphasizes the role of environmental factors in shaping behavior. The primary area of interest in this perspective is the understanding of how external stimuli, rewards, and punishments can shape behavior. The key figures associated with this perspective are Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, and John B. Watson.
Humanistic Perspective: The humanistic perspective emphasizes the role of personal growth, choice, and free will in shaping behavior. The primary area of interest in this perspective is the understanding of how individuals can fulfill their potential and achieve self-actualization. The key figures associated with this perspective are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
Cognitive Perspective: The cognitive perspective emphasizes the role of mental processes, such as perception, memory, and thought, in shaping behavior. The primary area of interest in this perspective is the understanding of how individuals process information and make decisions. The key figures associated with this perspective are Jean Piaget, Aaron Beck, and Albert Ellis.
Step-by-step explanation: