f(x) = |x|
f(x) -d is a vertical translation down d units
g(x) = f(x) -4
= |x| -4 is a vertical translation down 4 units ( shift down 4 units)
f(x+c) is a horizontal translation left c units
g(x) = |x+5| is a horizontal translation left 5 units ( shift left 5 units)
g(x) = |x+5| -4 is a shift left 5 units and a shift down 4 units