Final answer:
The scale factor of the book to its shadow is 1.5, meaning the shadow is 1.5 times the height and width of the book.
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the scale factor of the book to its shadow, we need to compare the size of the book to the size of the shadow. The book is 12 cm tall and the shadow is 18 cm tall. We'll use the height of the book and the height of the shadow to calculate the scale factor.
To do this, we divide the height of the shadow by the height of the book:
Scale Factor = Height of Shadow / Height of Book
Scale Factor = 18 cm / 12 cm
When we calculate this, we get a scale factor of 1.5.
This means the shadow is 1.5 times the size of the book in terms of height. We can apply the same method to the width of the book and the shadow if necessary:
Scale Factor = Width of Shadow / Width of Book
Scale Factor = 12 cm / 8 cm
When we calculate this, we get the same scale factor of 1.5, confirming that the shadow is uniformally scaled.