The major provisions of the Treaty of Versailles included the establishment of a new international order, the recognition of the League of Nations, the transfer of German colonies to Allied powers, and the imposition of reparations on Germany. Furthermore, the treaty dictated that Germany must accept responsibility for starting the war, reduce the size of its armed forces, and cede substantial amounts of territory to France and Poland. Additionally, the treaty forbade Germany from joining any military alliance or forming an airforce, and placed limits on its navy, manufacturing, and research capabilities.