Final answer:
The Baroque painter known for using violent motion in his artwork is Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, famed for his use of tenebrism and chiaroscuro to create dramatic and emotionally powerful scenes. Diego Velázquez was another Baroque master known for his photorealistic style and skillful lighting techniques.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Baroque painter renowned for using violent motion in his artwork was Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. His work is characterized by the use of tenebrism, which creates stark contrasts between light and dark areas, underscoring the dramatic effects typical of the Baroque period. Caravaggio's paintings often featured religious scenes brought to life with intense theatricality. His use of chiaroscuro further enhanced the strong emotional impact his paintings had on viewers.
Another notable artist of the Spanish Baroque period is Diego Velázquez, who is known for his almost photorealistic approach and skillful use of chiaroscuro to produce eloquent compositions with a sense of depth and realism despite their gloomy and somber tones.
Baroque art itself was a reflection of the intense social changes at the time, especially influenced by the Catholic Church. This art period featured dynamics of motion and strong emotions, where artists implemented various techniques to captivate and involve the viewer physically with the artwork, differentiating it from the High Renaissance that appealed more to the intellect.