Explanation:
x current age of the father
y current age of the son
first equation (x-4)+(y-4)=27 so x=27+4+4-y=35-y
second equation (y+5) : (x+5)= 2:7
so (y+5)*7=(x+5)*2
let's replace x we found at the first equation with the one at second equation
(y+5)*7=(35-y+5)*2
7y+35=(40-y)*2
7y+35=80-2y
7y+2y=80-35
9y=45
y=5
x=35-y=35-5=30