First find the slope of the line
Slope is the inclination of the line , its the m in the equation
y= mx + b
so then in y = 3x + 5 the slope is 3
now we have to find the perpendicular slope n.
To find perpendicular use the formula
m•n = -1
so then n = -1/m = -1/3
then the equation of perpendicular is
y = -1/3x + C
now find C
C = y + 1/3x
and replace x,y by the point ( 4,-2)
so then C = -2 + 4/3= -2/3
finally the perpendicular equation is
y = -1/3 x -2/3