Answer:
The general benefits of microorganisms:
1. Microorganisms play an essential role in the carbon and nitrogen cycles.
2. Microorganisms are used in the brewing industry to produce beer, shanda, wine, and various alcoholic beverages, and in the dairy and food industries to produce cheese and yogurt.
3. Microorganisms are used in the manufacture of many industrial solvents and other chemicals.
4. Microorganisms or the toxins they produce can be used as an alternative to chemical insecticides.
5. Microorganisms have been used extensively in wastewater treatment and bioremediation. They were used in the treatment of sewage or household and industrial waste by reducing biological oxidation demand (BOD) and chemical oxidation demand (COD).
6. Microorganisms contribute to the maintenance of good agricultural land by obtaining and maintaining a discrete and regular presence of microorganisms.
Problems and disadvantages of microorganisms
1. Microorganisms cause infections and other noncommunicable diseases (eg, stomach ulcers and some cancers)
2. Harmless species can carry or become carriers of antibiotic resistance genes.
3. Even without infection, the microorganism can cause pyrogenic reactions (fever) when introduced into the body.