Before the Civil War, free African Americans were limited in their freedom and job opportunities in various ways. In many states, they were subjected to discriminatory laws, such as Black Codes, which restricted their rights and freedoms. For example, they were often prohibited from owning firearms, serving on juries, and voting.
In terms of job opportunities, free African Americans faced significant barriers due to widespread racial prejudice and discrimination. They were often excluded from skilled trades and higher-paying jobs, and were instead limited to menial and low-paying labor. Some states also had laws that restricted African Americans from working in certain professions, such as teaching or practicing law.
Despite these challenges, many free African Americans were able to establish their own businesses, such as barber shops, taverns, and grocery stores. However, they faced competition from white-owned businesses and were often denied access to credit and other resources.
Overall, the situation for free African Americans before the Civil War was characterized by significant limitations on their freedom and opportunities, as well as widespread discrimination and prejudice.