one to four staff lines—an innovation traditionally ascribed to Guido d'Arezzo—clarified the exact relationship between pitches. One line was marked as representing a particular pitch, usually C or F. These neumes resembled the same thin, scripty style of the chironomic notation.the clefs are only to establish the half and whole steps of the solfege or hexachord scale
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There are seven note values (and 7 musical rests of the same duration): the Whole Note, the Half Note, the Quarter Note, the Eight Note, the Sixteenth Note, the Thirty-Second Note, the Sixty-FourthA dot behind a music note increases the duration of this note by half of its original value.
For example, as 1 Half Note = 2 Quarter Notes, half of a Half Note = 1 quarter note. So, the duration for 1 dotted Half Note will be 2 Quarter Notes + 1 Quarter Note = 3 Quarter Notes.
The value of the dotted notes for each type of music note is as follow:
1 dotted Whole Note = 3 Half Notes
1 dotted Half Note = 3 Quarter Notes
1 dotted Quarter Note = 3 Eight Notes
1 dotted Eight Note = 3 Sixteenth Notes
1 dotted Sixteenth Note = 3 Thirty-Second Notes
1 dotted Thirty-Second Notes = 3 Sixty-Fourth Notes Note.
Slurs
A slur is a curved line placed over or under two or more notes to indicate to play the notes joined or connected. The Italian musical term for playing connected is legato. Learn more Italian musical terms here. Below is an example of a slur.
Staccato is an Italian musical term which means the opposite of legato (slurs). When notes are played staccato, you play them short and detached. In musical notation, staccato notes are indicated by dots placed above or below the notes.