Answer:
First Question
Scientists were able to make firsthand observations that refuted some of the ideas that had led to discoveries because of advancements in telescopes and microscopes—Robert Boyle as well as Robert Hooke.
Second Question:
Galileo was instructed to surrender himself to the Holy Office to commence his trial for his acceptance of the Catholic Church's erroneous notion that the Earth revolves around the sun.
Third Question:
Hooke's discovery of the cell was made possible by the development of the microscope. Hooke saw box-shaped formations on cork that he dubbed "cells" because they resembled the monastic cells or apartments. The classical cell hypothesis was developed as a result of this observation.