C. Particularly during turbulent times, managers need to apply all their skills and competencies in a way that benefits the organization and its stakeholders. This is because effective management requires a combination of technical, human, and conceptual skills, and the challenges faced by organizations and managers can change rapidly, especially in times of economic or political uncertainty. Effective managers must be able to adapt to these changes and apply their skills in a way that benefits the organization and its stakeholders. While technical skills are important, they are not the sole reason for managerial success or failure, and good management skills are not automatic, but rather require ongoing development and refinement.