If you already chopped 4 walnuts and you have only gotten 1/4 cup of the chopped walnuts, it means that each walnut yields 1/4 cup / 4 walnuts = 1/16 cup of chopped walnuts.
To find out how much more chopped walnuts you need, we can subtract the amount you have from the total amount the recipe calls for:
1 cup - 1/4 cup = 3/4 cup
So you need 3/4 cup of chopped walnuts more.
To find out how many more walnuts you should chop, divide the amount you need by the amount each walnut yields:
3/4 cup / (1/16 cup/walnut) = 12 walnuts
So you should chop 12 more walnuts to get the desired amount.