Question

1. Assume you are given the following information about an economy

Combinations Capital goods (‘000) Consumer goods (‘000)
A 60 0
B 50 1
C 30 2
D 0 3

a) Draw the PPF. (capital goods on the Y axis and Consumer goods on the X axis).
b) Explain why the PPF is concave
c) Suppose the economy moves from point B to point C, what is the opportunity cost of doing so?
2. Given the demand for housing, describe the effect of each of the following in terms of whether it would increase or decrease the quantity demanded or the demand for housing. Indicate whether the effect of each of the following is an upward or downward movement along a given demand curve or involves an outward or inward shift in the relevant demand curve for housing. Explain your answers.
a) An increase in housing prices
b) A fall in interest rates
c) A rise in interest rates
d) A severe economic recession
e) A robust economic expansion
3. Describe THREE factors which could cause an upward shift in the supply curve for a product.
4. The demand for Good X is 300 units when its price is £4. Assume that as a result of a price fall, the demand for the good increases to 400 units and the sales revenue falls by £400.
a) Calculate the price of Good X after the fall.
b) Calculate the price elasticity of demand with respect to the fall in its price.
c) State whether elasticity will change with a downward movement along a linear demand curve.
d) Assume that the cross-price elasticity of demand for Good Y which is a complement to Good X is −1.5.
e) Calculate the proportionate change in the demand for Good Y as a result of the fall in price of Good X.

Answer 1

1a) The PPF for this economy would be a concave curve, as can be seen in the graph below. The PPF shows the maximum combinations of capital and consumer goods that can be produced in the economy. 1b) The PPF is concave because of the law of increasing opportunity cost. As more of one good is produced, the opportunity cost of producing the other good increases. 1c) The opportunity cost of moving from point B to point C is the loss of 1 unit of capital goods. 2a) An increase in housing prices would cause an upward shift in the demand curve for housing, as consumers would be willing to pay more for housing. 2b) A fall in interest rates would cause an outward shift in the demand curve for housing, as it would become cheaper to borrow money for housing. 2c) A rise in interest rates would cause an inward shift in the demand curve for housing, as it would become more expensive to borrow money for housing. 2d) A severe economic recession would cause an inward shift in the demand curve for housing, as people would have less money to spend on housing. 2e) A robust

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