Pathological abnormalities refer to any deviation from the normal structure or function of an organism. These abnormalities can range from minor changes in the structure of the body or its organs, to serious changes in the function of the body or its organs. Common pathological abnormalities include birth defects, cancer, genetic diseases, and organ failure. Pathological abnormalities can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices. Treatment for pathological abnormalities typically depends on the type and severity of the abnormality, and may involve medications, surgery, or lifestyle modifications.