Answer: Article III of the U.S. Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the federal government and sets forth its powers and responsibilities. The key provisions of Article III are as follows:
- Creation of a Supreme Court: The article provides for the creation of a Supreme Court, which would be the highest court in the land and have the power to hear appeals from lower federal courts and state courts.
- Appointment of Judges: The article provides for the appointment of judges by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The judges hold their offices during good behavior, which means that they can serve for life.
- Trial by Jury: The article provides for the right to a trial by an impartial jury in all criminal cases.
- Authority of Federal Courts: The article gives federal courts the power to hear cases involving federal law, cases involving disputes between citizens of different states, and cases involving ambassadors and other public ministers.
- Limitation on Punishments: The article sets forth a limit on the punishments that can be imposed by federal courts, stating that they cannot impose excessive fines or inflict cruel and unusual punishments.
- Original Jurisdiction: The article provides for the Supreme Court to have original jurisdiction in certain cases, such as cases involving ambassadors or other public ministers.
Overall, Article III of the U.S. Constitution establishes the judicial branch as an independent and coequal branch of the federal government, and sets forth its powers and responsibilities.
Step-by-step explanation: