To use synthetic division to divide the polynomial f(x) by x + 3, we arrange the coefficients in a table and divide, bringing down the next term each time:
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|2 1 -8 5|
|3 3 0 0|
|0 -3 -8 2|
|0 0 -24 6|
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The final row represents the polynomial 2x^2 - 3x - 24, which is the remainder. The quotient is 2x^2 + 3x + 3.
So, f(x) divided by x + 3 is equal to (2x^2 + 3x + 3) + (2x^2 - 3x - 24)/(x + 3).