Answer:
The location and corresponding rock/mineral types for each layer of the Earth are as follows:
Continental crust: This layer is composed of a mixture of light-colored, granitic rocks that are rich in silica, aluminum, and potassium. The rocks of the continental crust include granite, gneiss, and schist, which are often rich in quartz, feldspar, and mica.
Oceanic crust: This layer is composed of dark-colored, basaltic rocks that are rich in iron, magnesium, and calcium. The rocks of the oceanic crust include basalt and gabbro, which are typically denser and less felsic than the rocks of the continental crust.
Mantle: This layer is composed of dense, ultramafic rocks that are rich in iron, magnesium, and nickel. The mantle is primarily made up of peridotite and pyroxenite, which are characterized by their high concentrations of olivine and pyroxene minerals, respectively.
Core: The core is composed primarily of iron and nickel and is divided into two parts: the outer core, which is liquid, and the inner core, which is solid. The solid inner core is believed to be composed of a mixture of iron, nickel, and other metals.