Surface processes, such as weathering, erosion, and deposition, have shaped the landforms on Earth over millions of years.
Weathering is the process by which rock and soil are broken down by physical, chemical, and biological processes. This can create a variety of landforms, such as rock formations, canyons, and valleys.
Erosion is the movement of rock and soil by water, wind, or ice. This can create landforms such as rivers, canyons, and deltas. Erosion also plays a role in shaping mountains by removing the softer layers of rock and leaving behind the harder, more resistant rock.
Deposition is the process by which sediment is laid down by water, wind, or ice. This can create landforms such as beaches, sand dunes, and delta.
All these processes interact with each other and shape the landforms on earth, for example rivers erode the land and deposit the sediment in another place, creating a delta, and the wind can erode the rock and create natural arches, or canyons.
Additionally, tectonic forces also play a role in shaping landforms, such as the formation of mountains and valleys, and volcanic activity can create landforms such as volcanoes and lava fields.