Answer:
The tableau de variations describes the sign of the function for certain values of x, specifically at critical points and as x approaches positive or negative infinity. A "+" sign indicates that the function is positive at that point, a "-" sign indicates that the function is negative at that point, and a "0" sign indicates that the function is equal to zero at that point.
In the first function, the critical points are -1/2 and 1/2, where the function changes sign. As x approaches negative infinity and positive infinity, the function is positive.
In the second function, the critical points are -1 and 1, where the function changes sign. As x approaches negative infinity and positive infinity, the function is negative.
(Attached the tables)