Prior to the Age of Reason in Europe (1685-1815), societal power predominantly rested with the monarchy, exerting influence over political, social, and religious realms, as the church also played a significant role in shaping societal structures and norms. So option B is correct.
Before the Age of Reason in Europe (1685-1815), power was primarily vested in the monarchy. Monarchs wielded authority over political structures, social hierarchies, and religious affairs. The church also held considerable sway, contributing to the overall power dynamic.
During this period, absolute monarchies, such as those in France and England, centralized power, often claiming divine right. The populace had limited influence, with the emergence of the Age of Reason challenging traditional authority and paving the way for Enlightenment ideals, advocating reason, individual rights, and a more equitable distribution of power within society.
Therefore the correct choice is B.