To calculate the bill (food and tax) prior to calculating the tip, we can use the following equation:
bill (food and tax) = total bill (food, tax, and tip) / 1.2
We know that the total bill was $42 and the tip was 20%, so we can substitute those values into the equation:
bill (food and tax) = 42 / 1.2
To solve for bill (food and tax), we divide 42 by 1.2:
bill (food and tax) = $35
So the bill (food and tax) prior to calculating the tip was $35.