Answer
PART A
Energy always flows in a direction from warmer to cooler until all temperatures are equal.
PART B
As the temperature of the particles within a substance increases from 0 °C to 120° C, the kinetic energy of the particles will also increase i.e. the faster the movement of particles within a substance. An increase in temperature will also increase the entropy of the particles within a substance, hence the spacing of the particles within a substance will also increase.
Step-by-step explanation
PART A
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the state of entropy of the entire universe, as an isolated system, will always increase over time. The second law also states that the changes in the entropy in the universe can never be negative.
An example of this 2nd law is when a hot object is placed in contact with a cold object, heat flows from the hotter one to the colder one, never spontaneously from colder to hotter.
Hence, the statement about matter and energy that agrees with the second law of thermodynamics in the options is: Energy always flows in a direction from warmer to cooler until all temperatures are equal.
PART B
As the temperature of the particles within a substance increases from 0 °C to 120° C, the kinetic energy of the particles will also increase i.e. the faster the movement of particles within a substance. An increase in temperature will also increase the entropy of the particles within a substance, hence the spacing of the particles within a substance will also increase.