Final answer:
A biome is an open system because it exchanges energy and matter with its environment. This exchange is influenced by abiotic factors and governed by the laws of thermodynamics, which guide energy transfer within these dynamic systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
A biome is considered an open system because energy and matter can be transferred between the biome and its surroundings. This is true for all biological organisms and ecosystems. For instance, in biomes like the tropical wet forest, the net primary productivity is very high, which means these biomes are especially dynamic in exchanging energy because plants there have optimal conditions for growth and photosynthesis.
Terrestrial biomes are affected by abiotic factors such as temperature and precipitation, which influence the composition of their plant and animal communities. Aquatic biomes, such as oceans, lakes, and rivers, also exchange energy through various means but are influenced by abiotic factors like light penetration, water temperature, flow regime, and dissolved solids.