Question

Directions: This Unit has explored cellular structures and functions, including types of cells, RNA and DNA, and cancer. Using the Text Editor, explain protein synthesis from how it starts in the nucleus until it is translated by the ribosomes, and how it relates to the genetic code. Be sure to use terms studied in the Unit in your explanation, including those like DNA, complementary bases, mRNA, tRNA, codons, anticodons, amino acids, etc.Review the steps outlined in The Writing Process as well as the Rubric located on the toolbar at the top of the page so you know what will be expected for a superior essay.

Answer 1

Protein Synthesis

The process is divided into two phases: transcription and translation.

Transcription

During transcription, a DNA molecule opens and its information is transcribed into RNA.

The opening of the DNA molecule is done by an enzyme: DNA polymerase.

In transcription, DNA is transcribed into mRNA.

After that, the mRNA goes to the cytoplasm where it will find the ribosome and thus the translation process will begin.

Translation

The translation process is basically the process where the ribosome will read the mRNA strand and will synthesize amino acids from it.

Protein synthesis is made up of mRNA (carries information), tRNA (carries an amino acid), and ribosomes.

A codon is a sequence of three mRNA nitrogenous bases that indicate the start or end of the translation of some mRNA strand.

An anticodon is a sequence of three nitrogenous bases opposite those found in mRNA (codons).