Final answer:
Chloric acid is represented by the formula HClO3, derived from the chlorate ion ClO3-. The formula is based on the -1 charge of the ion which requires a single hydrogen atom to achieve electrical neutrality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The formula that represents chloric acid is HClO3. When naming acids, a base rule can often be the formula hydro- (prefix) + base name of nonmetal + -ic (suffix) + acid. However, chloric acid is derived from the chlorate ion (ClO3-), hence the name comes with the anion's base name 'chlorate' modified to 'chloric' and since we are dealing with an acid, we end the term with 'acid'. As for the other acids mentioned, like hydrochloric acid, the chlorine atom is only combined with hydrogen, thus it follows the naming rule perfectly with the formula being HCl. In the case of chloric acid, since the chlorate ion carries a -1 charge, only one hydrogen atom is needed to balance the charge, resulting in the above-mentioned formula.