To answer this there are several approaches however there is one that is quite easy, by simply subtracting those that increase the population from those that decrease the population as follows:
Factors that subtract individuals: emigration, mortality
Factors that increase population: immigration, natality
Substracted individuals
Emigration: 10
Mortality: 26
Total: 36
Added individuals:
Immigration: 5
Natality: 12
Total: 17
Substracted individuals - Added individuals = 36-17 = 19
Therefore we can say that there is 19 individuals less in the population, so the correct answer is option C.