This question is asking us "which number should I multiply by itself so that it gives me 16? "
We can approach the solution in two ways. The first method is guessing the answer and using trial and error. The second method - more neat - is to use mathematics.
Taking the square root of both sides gives
The LHS gives a (since the square root of a square is just the number ); therefore, we have
Since,
Hence, the correct answer choice is d. -4