I have already answered a question like this before so I just copied and pasted the same answer.
Charter Colony
A charter colony was formed when the British king granted a charter to a trading company. With the permission of the British crown, the colony could decide on the type of government for that colony. The charter colonies were more independent than others because they had more control of the type of government they were under. Often their governments were structured to offer them more freedom. They were the most hostile toward British rule. However, like many companies, charter colonies faced troubles and had to close their doors. Rhode Island and Connecticut were the last remaining charter colonies by the start of the American Revolution.
Proprietary Colony
Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania, among others, adopted the proprietary colony style. By 1775, these sites were the only proprietary colonies. With proprietary colonies, the king gave land to one person; the king also gave permission to establish a government on the land. However, proprietary colonies were not as free as the charter colonies. If a landowner rebelled against the British crown, he was stripped of the land.
Royal Colony
The royal colonies were under direct supervision of the British crown. Of the 13 colonies, eight were royal colonies. The Carolinas and Virginia were turned into royal colonies when they no longer functioned properly. Virginia and Massachusetts were charter colonies before becoming a royal colony. New Hampshire was a proprietary colony before turning into a royal colony.
Structure
Despite the differences of each colony, the structures were similar to the British government because it was the most familiar structure. They all contained an executive, judicial and legislative branch. Each colony had a governor, who was in charge of the executive branch. In royal colonies, the king appointed the governor. Governors were elected in charter and proprietary colonies. The executive branch also had a council or assembly. The council worked with the governor to handle the colony's affairs. A governor in royal or proprietary colonies had some veto power. He could also use patronage to gain supporters.
The legislative branch did not have any power in a colony's early development. Often it took years for the legislature to become fully operational. The legislative branch was bicameral, composed of two parts, the upper and lower house. Men in the upper house often had longer terms than the lower house members. The upper house also was in charge of confirming appointments and had to meet more qualifications to fill the position.
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