Answer;
B. Both primary and secondary succession involve ecosystems recovering from a disruptive event.
Explanation;
-Primary succession occurs following an opening of a pristine habitat, for example, a lava flow, an area left from retreated glacier, or abandoned strip mine. In contrast, secondary succession is a response to a disturbance, for example, forest fire, tsunami, flood, or an abandoned field.
-Primary succession begins in barren areas, such as on bare rock exposed by a retreating glacier. Secondary succession follows a major disturbance, such as a fire or a flood.