Question

What do we call factors that control traits

Answer 1

Factors that control traits are called genes, which are often polygenic for most human characteristics, such as height and skin color, involving several genes that contribute to a broad range of variation in the trait.

Step-by-step explanation:

The factors that control traits are known as genes. These genes, specifically in the form of alleles, determine the various traits that an organism can have. While some traits are controlled by a single gene, most human characteristics are polygenic, meaning they are influenced by multiple genes.

In the case of traits such as height, skin color, eye color, and weight, a combination of several genes contribute to the final phenotype, which is the observable trait. For example, height is influenced by at least three genes with six alleles. When multiple genes are involved in controlling a single trait, the trait tends to show a broad range of variation, which is a hallmark of polygenic traits. Additionally, the environment can also affect polygenic traits, with factors like sun exposure influencing skin color.

It's also important to understand concepts like epistasis, where the effect of one gene is dependent on the presence of one or more 'modifier genes'. Moreover, the terms genotype and phenotype are central to understanding how genetic information results in physical traits. The genotype refers to the combination of alleles an individual has, while the phenotype is the actual trait observed.

Answer 2

The factors that control traits are the alleles. They are determined by two chromosomes which is obtained from the parents. For instance, you are able to roll your tongue, you have two chromosomes one for being able to roll and the other for not being able but since you have that ability you get the allele of being able to roll out your tongue.