Basically what you do is list the multiples of your given numbers, and the first number they have in common is your least common multiple.
1) 12: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108...
21: 21, 42, 63, 84, 105...
Answer: 84
2) 16: 16, 32, 48, 64, 80...
12: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108...
Answer: 48
3) 25: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200...
30: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210...
Answer:150
4) 40: 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 360...
50: 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350...
Answer: 200
5) 18:18, 36, 54, 72, 90, 108, 126
24: 24, 48, 72, 96, 120
Answer:72