Question

During which process is mRNA converted into a sequence of amino acids for protein production?

transcription

translation

translocation

mRNA synthesis

Answer 1

The correct answer would be translation.

Translation is the process by which nucleotide sequence of mRNA (messenger ribonuceic acid) is converted into the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain.

Ribosome serves as the site of translation in a cell.

The process of translation can be divided into three phases:

Initiation: The small and large sub-units of the ribosome sandwiched the mRNA around the start codon and provide the sites (A, P, and E site) for tRNA (transfer RNA)-mRNA interaction.

Elongation: The charged tRNA (tRNA carrying amino acid) enters at the A site. The anti-codon site present in tRNA helps in decoding the codon sequence present in mRNA.

The tRNA then adds specific amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain in P site. It then leaves from E site.

The ribosome then moves (translocates) to the next codon and the cycle repeats itself and add amino acid to the polypeptide chain.

Termination: As soon as ribosome reaches the stop codon it releases the polypeptide chain and dissociates from the mRNA.

The polypeptide chain then undergoes post-translation changes to mature into functional protein.

Answer 2

B. Translation

Translation is the process whereby Messenger RNA is decoded in a ribosome and uses its information to build chain of amino acids or polypeptide. Furthermore, specific amino acids that are carried by tRNAs are chain together into a polypeptide as the mRNA passes through ribosome. However, there are three stages or phases in translation which includes: Initiation, Elongation and Termination.