The essay test focuses on debate and discussion of key content and main topics. Option C is correct.
An essay test is a piece of writing, that is generally speculative, interpretative or analytic. Essay test requires the student to compose responses, usually lengthy up to several paragraphs.
A compare and contrast type of test focuses on the comparison and contrast of a particular topic.
An argument essay is a persuasive piece of writing containing a debatable topic.
A short answer tests contain open-ended questions, which are employed to test one's knowledge about a specific topic.