Final answer:
As an astronaut on the near side of the Moon during a full moon, the ground would be brightly illuminated and flat in appearance. The Earth would be visible as a full Earth but not as bright due to earthshine. During a lunar eclipse, the Moon's surface would darken as Earth blocks sunlight.
Step-by-step explanation:
If you were an astronaut standing in the middle of the near side of the Moon during a full moon, the ground around you would be brightly illuminated. This is because, during a full moon, the Sun is shining directly on the near side of the Moon, where the astronaut is standing. The lunar landscape would appear somewhat flat and featureless due to the direct sunlight causing very few shadows, which diminishes topographic details.
For the Earth seen from the Moon during this time, it would appear as a full Earth hovering in the lunar sky. However, since the astronaut is on the side of the Moon that is receiving full sunlight, the Earth would not be as brilliantly illuminated. You may see some reflected light, known as earthshine, which would allow faint details of the 'dark side' of the Moon to be visible, contrasting with the bright lunar landscape.
During a lunar eclipse, which occurs when the full moon moves into Earth's shadow, the view changes. An observer on the Moon would see Earth covering the Sun partially or totally, leading to a dimming of the sunlight on the Moon's surface and possibly casting the Moon into Earth's shadow entirely, depending on the type of eclipse.