A thesaurus is primarily used to look up synonyms.
A thesaurus is a dictionary which is special in that it only lists synonyms of words. A synonym is a word that has the same (or close) meaning to another word. So, for example, if you wanted to see what the synonyms for the word 'happiness' are, you would search for them in a thesaurus, and you would find: contentment, pleasure, satisfaction, glee, mirth, etc.