Final answer:
Chromosomes are randomly partitioned during meiosis I anaphase, leading to independent assortment and contributing to genetic diversity, resulting in four unique gametes with a haploid set of chromosomes. So the correct option is c.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chromosomes are randomly partitioned during meiosis I anaphase (option c), contributing to genetic diversity. This process is referred to as independent assortment, which occurs when paired homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate and separate during anaphase I. Each resulting gamete receives a random mix of chromosomes from the two sets originally present in the organism, contributing to genetic variation.
The segregation of sister chromatids, which also contributes to genetic diversity, occurs during anaphase II of meiosis II. Following both meiotic divisions, four different gametic combinations are produced, each carrying a haploid set of chromosomes. This ensures that offspring have a different genetic makeup than both of their parents.